The Cardiovascular System

Content Volume: 201 pages

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

• ANATOMY OF THE HEART
• ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART
• ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG) PHYSIOLOGY
• MECHANICAL EVENTS OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE
• CARDIO-DYNAMICS
• HAEMODYNAMICS / HEMODYNAMICS
• BLOOD PRESSURE PHYSIOLOGY
• ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD VESSELS
• PHYSIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION
• PHYSIOLOGY OF SHOCK
• PHYSIOLOGY OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHAEMIA / ISCHEMIA
• THE EFFECTS OF AGEING ON THE HEART

Pathology Notes:

• CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS
• ANEURYSMS & DISSECTIONS
• ARRHYTHMIAS
• DRUG CLASSES FOR TREATING ARRHYTHMIAS
• DYSLIPIDAEMIA
• ATHEROSCLEROSIS
• ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE
• ACUTE CARDIOGENIC PULMONARY OEDEMA
• HEART FAILURE
• CARDIOMYOPATHIES (“HEART MUSCLE DISEASES”)
• PATHOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION
• PATHOLOGY OF SHOCK
• DVT & PE
• CARCINOID HEART DISEASE
• INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
• NON-INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS (NBTE - Non Bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis)
• LYMPHANGITIS
• MYOCARDITIS – VIRAL & TOXIC
• PERICARDITIS
• PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
• CARDIAC TAMPONADE
• ACUTE ARTERIAL OCCLUSION (“CRITICAL LIMB ISCHAEMIA”)
• PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
• VARICOSE VEINS
• CHRONIC SKIN ULCERS
• TUMOURS OF VESSELS
• IMPORTANT VASCULITIDES
• RHEUMATIC FEVER & RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
• VALVULAR HEART DISEASE & MURMURS
• CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE & OBESITY; NUTRITION & PHYSICAL EXERCISE

Content Volume: 192 pages

Contents:

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

• ANATOMY OF THE THORAX
• ANATOMY OF THE AIRWAYS
• AIRWAY MUCOSAL LININGS
• ALVEOLAR GAS EXCHANGE & GAS TRANSPORT
• THE PHYSIOLOGY OF BREATHING
• HEMOGLOBIN / HAEMOGLOBIN
• BODY ACID-BASE BALANCE
• CONTROL OF BREATHING
• FOETAL LUNG DEVELOPMENT & TRANSITION TO EXTRAUTERINE LIFE

Pathology Notes:

• HYPERBARIC & HYPOBARIC CONDITIONS
• AIRWAY HYPERSENSITIVITY & ASTHMA
• UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (URTI’S)
• LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
• GLOBAL RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
• OBSTRUCTIVE & RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISORDERS
• HEAD AND NECK PATHOLOGIES
• LUNG CANCERS
• HYPOXIA AND HYPERCAPNIA

Content Volume: 297 pages

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

• EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
• OVERVIEW & ORGANISATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
• SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN
• BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE BRAIN
• CRANIAL NERVES
• THE SPINAL CORD
• NEURONAL PHYSIOLOGY
• NEUROTRANSMITTERS
• NEUROBIOLOGY OF MEMORIES
• NEUROBIOLOGY OF EMOTIONS
• SOMATOSENSORY PROCESSING
• MOTOR PROCESSING
• THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• PAIN & NOCICEPTION
• SPECIAL SENSES - VISION
• THE TONGUE & GUSTATION (TASTE)
• OLFACTION (SMELL)
• HEARING AND EQUILIBRIUM
• REGIONAL ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
• IMPORTANT CLINICAL NEUROLOGICAL THINGS

Pathology Notes:

• STROKES
• INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGES
• ISCHAEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
• RAISED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
• SPINAL CORD SYNDROMES
• TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES
• EPILEPSY
• GUILLIAN-BARRE SYNDROME
• HUNTINGTONS DISEASE
• MOTOR NEURONE DISEASE (MND)/AMYELOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS)
• POLIOMYELITIS
• MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
• LEUKODYSTROPHIES
• MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
• PARKINSON’S DISEASE (“Shaking Palsy”)
• BRAIN TUMOURS
• DEMENTIAS
• PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES
• INFECTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
• EAR PATHOLOGIES
• VISION DISORDERS

Content Volume: 212 pages

Contents:

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

• GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
• GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
• GENERAL MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
• PRINCIPLES OF BIOMECHANICS
• MUSCLE REFLEXES
• BONES OF THE SKULL
• BONES OF THE AXIAL SKELETON
• BONES OF THE UPPER LIMBS & SHOULDER GIRDLE
• BONES OF THE LOWER LIMBS & PELVIC GIRDLE
• MUSCLES OF THE AXIAL SKELETON
• MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LIMBS & PELVIC GIRDLE
• MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LIMBS & PELVIC GIRDLE
• INNERVATION OF THE UPPER LIMBS & SHOULDER GIRDLE
• INNERVATION OF THE LOWER LIMBS & PELVIC GIRDLE
• BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE UPPER LIMBS & SHOULDER GIRDLE
• BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE LOWER LIMBS & PELVIC GIRDLE

Pathology Notes:

• BONY INJURIES
• DESCRIBING AN X-RAY
• NEUROVASCULAR COMPROMISES
• MYOSITIS
• OSTEOMYELITIS
• SEPTIC ARTHRITIS
• BONY TUMOURS
• OSTEOPOROSIS & PAGETS DISEASE
• FIBROMYALGIA
• POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA
• CRYSTAL ARTHROPATHIES
• OSTEOARTHRITIS
• RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
• SERONEGATIVE (NON-RHEUMATOID) ARTHRITIS
• ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY CASES

Content Volume: 210 pages

Contents:

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

• GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
• GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY
• GI TRACT SECRETIONS
• GI TRACT ABSORPTIONS
• SPECIFIC STRUCTURES ALONG THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
• HEPATOBILIARY ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY:
• NUTRITION BASICS

Pathology Notes:

• DYSPHAGIA & ACHALASIA
• OESOPHAGITIS
• OESOPHAGEAL VARICES
• MALLORY WEISS TEAR
• HIATUS HERNIA
• GORD – GASTRO OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE, BARRETT’S OESOPHAGUS & OESOPHAGEAL TUMOURS
• GASTRITIS & PUD
• HELICOBACTER PYLORI
• GASTRIC CANCER
• GASTRINOMA (ZE SYNDROME)
• COELIAC DISEASE
• CONGENITAL PANCREATIC ABNORMALITIES
• PANCREATITIS
• PANCREATIC CANCER
• ENDOCRINE PANCREATIC TUMOURS
• CHOLANGITIS
• GALLSTONES & CHOLECYSTITIS
• JAUNDICE
• FAMILIAL LIVER DISEASES
• HEPATITIS
• SECONDARY LIVER DISEASES
• LIVER FAILURE & CIRRHOSIS
• ASCITES
• PORTAL HYPERTENSION:
• LIVER CANCERS
• CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA (Bile Duct Carcinoma):
• GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA
• LIVER ABSCESSES & CYSTS
• MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM
• BOWEL OBSTRUCTIONS
• IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
• INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
• DIVERTICULOSIS & DIVERTICULITIS
• APPENDICITIS
• POLYPS & COLON CANCER
• HIRSCHPRUNGS DISEASE
• ISCHAEMIC BOWEL
• PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS
• RADIATION ENTERITIS
• RECTAL BLEEDING DDX
• HAEMORRHOIDS
• ANAL FISTULAE
• ANAL FISSURES
• PILONIDAL SINUS
• CARCINOID SYNDROME
• CYSTIC FIBROSIS
• GASTROENTERITIS
• PARASITIC GUT INFECTIONS
• ACUTE ABDOMEN

Content Volume: 133 pages

Contents:

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

• FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
• RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
• MICTURITION REFLEX (URINATION)
• ROLE OF THE KIDNEYS IN FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
• FLUID BALANCE
• ELECTROLYTE BALANCE

Pathology Notes:

• GENERAL OVERVIEW OF RENAL PATHOLOGY
• CONGENITAL KIDNEY ABNORMALITIES
• URINARY INCONTINENCE
• ACUTE RENAL FAILURES
• PRE-RENAL FAILURES
• INTRA-RENAL FAILURES
• NEPHROTIC SYNDROMES
• NEPHRITIC SYNDROMES
• TUBULO-INTERSTITIAL DISEASES
• POST-RENAL FAILURES
• RENAL SYSTEM CANCERS
• URINARY & KIDNEY INFECTIONS
• ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES
• FLUID IMBALANCES
• DIURETICS
• DRUGS ALTERING THE pH URINE
• POPULATION HEALTH & RENAL DISEASE
• MISCELLANEOUS POINTS
• UROGENIC PAIN
• CATHETERIZATION
• URINE ANALYSIS
• MCQS - URINARY TRACT DISEASE

Content Volume: 109 pages

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

• BLOOD: AN OVERVIEW
• HAEMATOPOIESIS
• RED BLOOD CELLS
• HAEMOSTASIS/HEMOSTASIS
• THE ROLE OF BLOOD IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
• BLOOD GROUPS, TRANSFUSION & BLOOD PRODUCTS

Pathology Notes:

• ANAEMIAS
• POLYCYTHAEMIA
• HAEMOCHROMATOSIS
• MYELODYSPLASTIC (PRELEUKAEMIC) SYNDROMES
• MULTIPLE MYELOMA
• LEUKAEMIAS
• LYMPHOMAS
• BLEEDING DISORDERS
• THROMBOTIC DISORDERS
• DRUGS FOR HAEMOSTASIS:

Content Volume: 149 pages

Contents:

• OVERVIEW OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
• ANTIGENS & ANTIBODIES
• MAJOR HISTOCOMPATABILITY COMPLEXES
• CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
• FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE IMPORTANT SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS
• INNATE VS ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES
• REJECTION IMMUNOLOGY
• INFLAMMATION
• HYPERSENSITIVITY & ALLERGY
• IMMUNODEFICIENCY
• IMMUNITY AGAINST INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS & EVASION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
• INFECTION IMMUNOLOGY
• AUTOIMMUNITY

Content Volume: 141 pages

Contents:

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

• OVERVIEW OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• THE HYPOTHALAMUS & PITUITARY GLAND
• THE PINEAL GLAND
• THE THYROID GLAND
• PARATHYROID GLANDS
• THE ADRENAL GLANDS
• THE ‘ENDOCRINE’ PANCREAS
• CALCIUM & PHOSPHATE HOMEOSTASIS
• FLUID & ELECTROLYTE HOMEOSTASIS
• ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF GROWTH
• PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO STRESS
• REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY

Pathology Notes:

• GENERAL OVERVIEW OF ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
• THYROID DYSFUNCTION:
• GROWTH DYSFUNCTION:
• ADH DISORDERS:
• ADRENAL CORTEX DYSFUNCTION:
• PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA
• DIABETES
• CALCIUM & PHOSPHATE BALANCE DISORDERS:
• GONADAL DYSFUNCTION
• MULTIPE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA SYNDROME

Content Volume: 164 pages

Contents:

• REVIEW OF MALE UROGENITAL ANATOMY
• REVIEW OF BASIC FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY
• BREAST MASSES
• AMENORRHOEA CAUSES
• DYSMENORRHOEA CAUSES
• MENORRHAGIA CAUSES
• UTERINE CANCERS
• CONDITIONS OF THE VAGINA
• CONDITIONS OF THE CERVIX
• CONDITIONS OF THE OVARIES
• PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE
• URINARY INCONTINENCE
• CONDITIONS OF THE MALE GENITALIA
• CONDITIONS OF THE PROSTATE
• CONDITIONS OF THE TESTES
• SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
• MORE ON HIV
• SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS & TREATMENT
• CONTRACEPTION
• INFERTILITY
• BREASTFEEDING
• QUIZ QUESTIONS

Content Volume: 123 pages

Contents:

• OBSTETRIC DEFINITIONS
• EMBRYONIC SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
• REVIEW OF BASIC FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY
• PREGNANCY
• MATERNAL PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATIONS TO PREGNANCY
• EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION & ABORTION
• RHESUS DISEASE
• ANTEPARTUM CARE
• OBSTETRICAL HAEMORRHAGE
• OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS
• MALPRESENTATION
• HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY
• NORMAL LABOUR AND DELIVERY
• INDUCTION OF LABOUR (IOL)
• NEONATAL ADAPTATIONS TO EXTRAUTERINE LIFE
• COMPLICATIONS OF LABOUR AND DELIVERY
• OPERATIVE OBSTETRICS
• PUERPERAL COMPLICATIONS
• RETAINED PLACENTA
• POSTPARTUM CARE
• POSTNATAL MENSTRUATION & CONTRACEPTION
• THE 3 POSTNATAL MOOD DISORDERS

Content Volume: 170 pages

Contents:

• OVERVIEW OF SKIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
• GENERAL PRINCIPALS OF DERMATOLOGY
• BENIGN CYSTIC SKIN LESIONS
• BENIGN FIBROUS SKIN LESIONS
• BENIGN HYPERKERATOTIC LESIONS
• BENIGN PIGMENTED LESIONS
• VASCULAR LESIONS
• ACNEIFORM ERUPTIONS
• DERMATITIS (ECZEMA)
• PAPULOSQUAMOUS DISEASES
• VESICULOBULLOUS DISEASES
• DRUG ERUPTIONS
• HERITABLE DERMATOSIS
• BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
• FUNGAL INFECTIONS
• PARASITIC INFECTIONS
• PARASITIC INFECTIONS
• VIRAL INFECTIONS
• PREMALIGNANT & MALIGNANT SKIN CONDITIONS
• PEDIATRIC EXANTHEMS
• PROCEDURAL DERMATOLOGY
• SKIN PATHOLOGY – UNDER A MICROSCOPE
• EXAMPLES OF EXAM QUESTIONS

Content Volume: 289 pages

Contents:

• OVERVIEW OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
• LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS/ALOC (ALTERED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS)
• NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
• CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES
• RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
• GASTROINTESTINAL EMERGENCIES
• MUSCULOSKELETAL EMERGENCIES
• ENDOCRINE EMERGENCIES:
• RENAL EMERGENCIES
• TOXICOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
• WOMEN’S HEALTH EMERGENCIES
• MEN’S HEALTH EMERGENCIES
• OBSTETRIC EMERGENCIES
• PAEDIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS IN AN EMERGENCY SETTING
• FLUID MANAGEMENT (EMERGENCY CONTEXT)
• POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
• PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCIES

Content Volume: 224 pages

Contents:

• INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
• PHARMACOKINETICS
• PHARMACODYNAMICS
• ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY & SELECTIVE TOXICITY
• ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
• COMMON DRUGS USED IN ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE
• COMMON DRUGS USED IN MANAGING CHOLESTEROL & LIPIDAEMIA
• COMMON DRUGS USED IN MANAGING HEART FAILURE
• TREATING DIABETES
• TREATING THYROID DISORDERS
• TREATING HYPERINFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
• MODIFYING SEX-HORMONE PROFILES
• GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS
• GENERAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM DRUGS
• EPILEPSY & ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS
• ANESTHESIA & ANALGESIA
• PSYCHOSIS & ANTI-PSYCHOTICS
• AFFECTIVE DISORDERS, ANTI-DEPRESSANTS AND MOOD-STABILISING DRUGS
• DRUGS FOR HEMOSTASIS
• DRUGS FOR FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
• DRUGS USED IN HYPERTENSION
• DRUGS USED IN CHEMOTHERAPY
• INTRO TO TOXICOLOGY

Content Volume: 152 pages

Contents:

• 5 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN THE BODY
• MOLECULAR BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE:
• CELL STRUCTURE:
• CELL MEMBRANE & TRANSPORT
• CELLULAR METABOLISM
• FATTY ACID METABOLISM
• CELLULAR SIGNALLING
• THE ‘CELL CYCLE’ & CELLULAR REPLICATION
• REGULATION OF CELL FATE
• CANCER, CELL DEATH & CELLULAR AGEING
• EPITHELIAL TISSUES (MEMBRANES & GLANDS)
• CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
• MUSCLE TISSUE:
• NERVOUS TISSUE
• MEMBRANE POTENTIAL & EXCITABLE TISSUES
• TISSUE INJURY & CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS
• MICROBIAL DIVERSITY

Content Volume: 208 pages

Contents:

• DNA - DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
• GENE EXPRESSION
• CHROMOSOMES
• CHROMOSOMAL ERRORS
• GENE MUTATIONS
• MENDELIAN GENETICS
• SEX-LINKED & MITOCHONDRIAL INHERITANCE
• PUNNET’S SQUARES
• GENETICS OF DEVELOPMENT
• POPULATION GENETICS & EVOLUTION
• TOOLS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• FUTURE GENETIC THERAPIES & TECHNOLOGIES
• CLASSIC AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISORDERS
• CLASSIC AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT DISORDERS
• CLASSIC CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS
• CLASSIC X-LINKED DISORDERS
• INTRODUCTION TO NEOPLASIA
• CANCER, CELL DEATH & CELLULAR AGEING
• CANCER PATHOGENESIS
• DRUGS USED IN CHEMOTHERAPY
• BREAST CANCER
• COLON / COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC)
• CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY
• BASICS OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Content Volume: 168 pages

Contents:

• THE CARDIOVASCULAR EXAMINATION
• THE ENDOCRINE EXAMINATION
• THE GASTROINTESTINAL EXAMINATION
• THE HAEMATOLOGICAL (HEMATOLOGICAL) EXAMINATION
• THE MUSCULOSKELETAL EXAMINATION
• THE NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS
• THE RENAL SYSTEM EXAMINATION
• THE RESPIRATORY EXAMINATION
• THE RHEUMATOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
• THE PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT:
• THE EAR HISTORY & HEARING TESTS:
• THE EYE EXAMINATION:
• THE WELL-WOMAN’S HEALTH CHECK
• MALE GENITOURINARY EXAM

Content Volume: 199 pages

Contents:

• PUBLIC HEALTH OVERVIEW
• MEASURING HEALTH CONCEPTS
• HEALTH BEHAVIOUR
• CHANGING BEHAVIOUR
• CHRONIC DISEASE & RISK FACTORS
• PANDEMICS
• VACCINATION/IMMUNIZATION
• BASIC CONCEPTS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• MICROBIOLOGY: PRIONS
• MICROBIOLOGY: VIRUSES
• MICROBIOLOGY: PARASITES
• MICROBIOLOGY: BACTERIA
• NOTABLE INFECTIVE DISEASES

Content Volume: 121 pages

Contents:

• HUMAN EMOTIONS
• PERSONALITY THEORIES
• THINKING & LANGUAGE
• NEUROBIOLOGY OF MEMORY
• HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• PSYCHOLOGY OF PAIN
• GRIEF & LOSS
• STRESS & COPING
• FAMILIES
• INTRODUCTION TO MENTAL HEALTH
• COMMON PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS
• INTRODUCTION TO ADDICTION
• EATING DISORDERS
• PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)